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Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Increasing evidence has indicated that oxidative stress is associated with the health of infants. , especially subsp. strains, are abundant in the gut microbiota of...
Increasing evidence has indicated that oxidative stress is associated with the health of infants. , especially subsp. strains, are abundant in the gut microbiota of infants, which may have the potential to ameliorate oxidative damage. Thus, this study aimed to isolate and screen subsp. strains with probiotic characters and antioxidant properties as infants' dietary supplements. In this study, 24 subsp. strains were isolated from 15 healthy infants identified 16S rRNA and heat shock protein 60 (60) sequences. subsp. B13, F2, K4, K5, K10, K13, and K15 strains were selected based on high values obtained from autoaggregation, hydrophobicity, and adhesion assays to HT-29 cells. Among these seven strains, subsp. F2, K5, K10, and K15 were selected according to the high tolerance of gastrointestinal tract conditions compared to subsp. BB-12. Among these four strains, subsp. K5 was susceptible to common antibiotics and showed the highest intestinal epithelial cell proliferation of CCD 841 CoN. Additionally, subsp. K5 showed a strong antioxidant capacity, and its supernatant exhibited better activity of reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and DPPH radical scavenging than that of the intact cells with cell-free extracts. The findings indicated that subsp. K5 could be used as a probiotic candidate in infant nutrition.
PubMed: 34795651
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.756519 -
Nutrients Mar 2023Bifidobacteria are important intestinal bacteria that provide a variety of health benefits in infants. We investigated the efficacy and safety of subsp. () M-63 in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Early Probiotic Supplementation of Healthy Term Infants with subsp. M-63 Is Safe and Leads to the Development of -Predominant Gut Microbiota: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Bifidobacteria are important intestinal bacteria that provide a variety of health benefits in infants. We investigated the efficacy and safety of subsp. () M-63 in healthy infants in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Healthy term infants were given M-63 (n = 56; 1 × 10 CFU/day) or placebo (n = 54) from postnatal age ≤ 7 days to 3 months. Fecal samples were collected, and fecal microbiota, stool pH, short-chain fatty acids, and immune substances were analyzed. Supplementation with M-63 significantly increased the relative abundance of compared with the placebo group, with a positive correlation with the frequency of breastfeeding. Supplementation with M-63 led to decreased stool pH and increased levels of acetic acid and IgA in the stool at 1 month of age compared with the placebo group. There was a decreased frequency of defecation and watery stools in the probiotic group. No adverse events related to test foods were observed. These results indicate that early supplementation with M-63 is well tolerated and contributes to the development of -predominant gut microbiota during a critical developmental phase in term infants.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Bifidobacterium; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis; Breast Feeding; Feces; Probiotics
PubMed: 36986131
DOI: 10.3390/nu15061402 -
Gut Microbes Nov 2020Although the oral administration of () relieves the signs of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in clinical settings, the mechanisms underlying its effects are unclear. In...
Although the oral administration of () relieves the signs of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in clinical settings, the mechanisms underlying its effects are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the precise effects of on IBS via regulation of Paneth cell function. We confirmed the beneficial effects of on defecation habits and visceral hypersensitivity in WAS rats. Further analysis revealed that enhanced mucosal repair, promoted lysozyme production, and ameliorated dysbiosis of the microbiota in WAS rats. These processes are closely correlated with Paneth cell functions. , we incubated primary cultured enteroids with and found that promoted the proliferation of these organoids; this may be attributed to the upregulation of the stem niche factors WNT3A and TGF-β, which are secreted by Paneth cells. Based on our findings, we propose that relieves IBS by restoring the antimicrobial activity and stem niche maintenance function of Paneth cells.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium longum; Cell Proliferation; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Male; Paneth Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Up-Regulation; Wnt3A Protein
PubMed: 32584650
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1782156 -
Microorganisms May 2023Probiotics are effective to treat or prevent gastrointestinal infections, and microalgae have demonstrated important health-promoting effects and in some cases function...
Probiotics are effective to treat or prevent gastrointestinal infections, and microalgae have demonstrated important health-promoting effects and in some cases function as prebiotics. In this regard, the anti-rotavirus effect of and by reducing viral infectivity is well known. However, their effect on immune response against rotavirus has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of and/or in influencing an IFN type I-mediated antiviral response in rotavirus-infected cells. In pre-infection experiments, HT-29 cells were treated with and alone or in combination, followed by rotavirus infection, whereas in post-infection assays, HT-29 cells were treated after infection. The cells' mRNA was then purified to determine the relative expression level of IFN-α, IFN-β, and precursors of interferons such as RIG-I, IRF-3, and IRF-5 by qPCR. We showed that combination of and significantly increased IFN-α levels in pre-infection and IFN-β in post-infection assays, as compared with individual effects. Results indicate that , , or their combination improve cellular antiviral immune response.
PubMed: 37317211
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051237 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Expression and purification of β-galactosidases derived from provide a new resource for efficient lactose hydrolysis and lactose intolerance alleviation. Here, we...
Expression and purification of β-galactosidases derived from provide a new resource for efficient lactose hydrolysis and lactose intolerance alleviation. Here, we cloned and expressed two β-galactosidases derived from . The optimal pH for BLGLB1 was 5.5, and the optimal temperature was 45 °C, at which the enzyme activity of BLGLB1 was higher than that of commercial enzyme E (300 ± 3.6 U/mg) under its optimal conditions, reaching 2200 ± 15 U/mg. The optimal pH and temperature for BPGLB1 were 6.0 and 45 °C, respectively, and the enzyme activity (0.58 ± 0.03 U/mg) under optimum conditions was significantly lower than that of BLGLB1. The structures of the two β-galactosidase were similar, with all known key sites conserved. When o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside (oNPG) was used as an enzyme reaction substrate, the maximum reaction velocity () for BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 3700 ± 100 U/mg and 1.1 ± 0.1 U/mg, respectively. The kinetic constant () of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1.9 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.3 mmol/L, respectively. The respective catalytic constant () of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1700 ± 40 s and 0.5 ± 0.02 s, respectively; the respective / value of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 870 L/(mmol∙s) and 0.36 L/(mmol∙s), respectively. The , and values of BLGLB1 were superior to those of earlier reported β-galactosidase derived from . Overall, BLGLB1 has potential application in the food industry.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium longum; Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum; Cloning, Molecular; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactose; Temperature; beta-Galactosidase
PubMed: 35889370
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144497 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Nov 2021Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a camptothecin chemotherapy drug largely used in treating cancers. However, its strong adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal and hepatic...
Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a camptothecin chemotherapy drug largely used in treating cancers. However, its strong adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicities, tend to reduce the patients' life qualities and to limit the clinical use of CPT-11. The protective roles of selenium (Se) and probiotics against CPT-11-induced toxicity have been widely reported. However, the application of Se-enriched probiotics in the adjuvant therapy of CPT-11 has not been well explored. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo effects of Se-enriched Bifidobacterium longum DD98 (Se-B. longum DD98) as a chemotherapy preventive agent on alleviating intestinal and hepatic toxicities induced by CPT-11 chemotherapy. The results showed that Se-B. longum DD98 positively regulated the aberrant cell viability and oxidative stress induced by CPT-11 both in human normal liver (L-02) and rat small intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cell lines. In vivo experiment revealed that Se-B. longum DD98 significantly attenuated intestinal and hepatic toxicities by ameliorating symptoms such as body weight loss and diarrhea, and by improving the biochemical indicators of hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. Furthermore, we discovered that the protective effects of Se-B. longum DD98 based largely upon decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and enhancing the expression of tight-junction proteins occludin and ZO-1, as well as restoring the composition and diversity of gut microbiota. Results suggested that Se-B. longum DD98 effectively protected livers and intestines against the CPT-11-induced damages, and therefore, could be considered as a promising adjuvant therapeutic agent with CPT-11 for the cancer treatment.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium longum; Cell Line; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytokines; Diarrhea; Disease Models, Animal; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Inflammation Mediators; Intestines; Irinotecan; Liver; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Oxidative Stress; Probiotics; Rats; Selenium; Tight Junction Proteins; Weight Loss; Mice
PubMed: 34649340
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112192 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2018Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum represents one of the most prevalent bifidobacterial species in the infant, adult and elderly (human) gut. In the current study, we...
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum represents one of the most prevalent bifidobacterial species in the infant, adult and elderly (human) gut. In the current study, we performed a comparative genome analysis involving 145 B. longum representatives, including 113 B. longum subsp. longum strains obtained from healthy Japanese subjects aged between 0 and 98 years. Although MCL clustering did not reveal any correlation between isolated strains and subject age, certain characteristics appear to be more prevalent among strains corresponding to specific host ages, such as genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and environmental response. Remarkably, a substantial number of strains appeared to have been transmitted across family members, a phenomenon that was shown not to be confined to mother-infant pairs. This suggests that the ubiquitous distribution of B. longum subsp. longum across the human lifespan is at least partly due to extensive transmission between relatives. Our findings form a foundation for future research aimed at unraveling the mechanisms that allow B. longum strains to successfully transfer between human hosts, where they then colonize and persist in the gut environment throughout the host's lifespan.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bifidobacterium longum; Child; Child, Preschool; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene Order; Genetic Variation; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Japan; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Young Adult
PubMed: 29311585
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18391-x -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023Polyphosphate (poly-P) biosynthesis in bacteria has been linked to many physiological processes and has been characterized as an interesting functional molecule involved...
Polyphosphate (poly-P) biosynthesis in bacteria has been linked to many physiological processes and has been characterized as an interesting functional molecule involved in intestinal homeostasis. We determined the capacity for poly-P production of 18 probiotic strains mainly belonging to Bifidobacterium and former Lactobacillus genera, showing that poly-P synthesis varied widely between strains and is dependent on the availability of phosphate and the growth phase. Bifidobacteria were especially capable of poly-P synthesis and poly-P kinase (ppk) genes were identified in their genomes together with a repertoire of genes involved in phosphate transport and metabolism. In Bifidobacterium longum KABP042, the strain we found with highest poly-P production, variations in ppk expression were linked to growth conditions and presence of phosphate in the medium. Moreover, the strain produced poly-P in presence of breast milk and lacto-N-tetraose increased the amount of poly-P synthesized. Compared to KABP042 supernatants low in poly-P, exposure of Caco-2 cells to KABP042 supernatants rich in poly-P resulted in decreased epithelial permeability and increased barrier resistance, induction of epithelial protecting factors such as HSP27 and enhanced expression of tight junction protein genes. These results highlight the role of bifidobacteria-derived poly-P as a strain-dependent functional factor acting on epithelial integrity.
Topics: Female; Humans; Bifidobacterium longum; Polyphosphates; Caco-2 Cells; Intestines; Bifidobacterium; Probiotics
PubMed: 37422465
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38082-0 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2017Diverse CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity in many bacteria and most archaea, via a DNA-encoded, RNA-mediated, nucleic-acid targeting mechanism. Over time,...
Diverse CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity in many bacteria and most archaea, via a DNA-encoded, RNA-mediated, nucleic-acid targeting mechanism. Over time, CRISPR loci expand via iterative uptake of invasive DNA sequences into the CRISPR array during the adaptation process. These genetic vaccination cards thus provide insights into the exposure of strains to phages and plasmids in space and time, revealing the historical predatory exposure of a strain. These genetic loci thus constitute a unique basis for genotyping of strains, with potential of resolution at the strain-level. Here, we investigate the occurrence and diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems in the genomes of various strains across three sub-species. Specifically, we analyzed the genomic content of 66 genomes belonging to subsp. subsp. and subsp. , and identified 25 strains that carry 29 total CRISPR-Cas systems. We identify various Type I and Type II CRISPR-Cas systems that are widespread in this species, notably I-C, I-E, and II-C. Noteworthy, Type I-C systems showed extended CRISPR arrays, with extensive spacer diversity. We show how these hypervariable loci can be used to gain insights into strain origin, evolution and phylogeny, and can provide discriminatory sequences to distinguish even clonal isolates. By investigating CRISPR spacer sequences, we reveal their origin and implicate phages and prophages as drivers of CRISPR immunity expansion in this species, with redundant targeting of select prophages. Analysis of CRISPR spacer origin also revealed novel PAM sequences. Our results suggest that CRISPR-Cas immune systems are instrumental in mounting diversified viral resistance in , and show that these sequences are useful for typing across three subspecies.
PubMed: 29033911
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01851 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Although MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) is widely known as a rapid and cost-effective reference method for identifying microorganisms, its commercial databases face...
Although MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) is widely known as a rapid and cost-effective reference method for identifying microorganisms, its commercial databases face limitations in accurately distinguishing specific subspecies of . This study aimed to explore the potential of MALDI-TOF MS protein profiles, coupled with prediction methods, to differentiate between () and (). The investigation involved the analysis of mass spectra of 59 strains and 41 strains, leading to the identification of five distinct biomarker peaks, specifically at m/z 2,929, 4,408, 5,381, 5,394, and 8,817, using Recurrent Feature Elimination (RFE). To facilate classification between and based on the mass spectra, machine learning models were developed, employing algorithms such as logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). The evaluation of the mass spectrometry data showed that the RF model exhibited the highest performace, boasting an impressive AUC of 0.984. This model outperformed other algorithms in terms of accuracy and sensitivity. Furthermore, when employing a voting mechanism on multi-mass spectrometry data for strain identificaton, the RF model achieved the highest accuracy of 96.67%. The outcomes of this research hold the significant potential for commercial applications, enabling the rapid and precise discrimination of and using MALDI-TOF MS in conjunction with machine learning. Additionally, the approach proposed in this study carries substantial implications across various industries, such as probiotics and pharmaceuticals, where the precise differentiation of specific subspecies is essential for product development and quality control.
PubMed: 38111645
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1297451